Starting in on Dactyl

25 May 2022

Since December 2020 I’ve been using an Ergodox EZ as my main keyboard, both for work and games. I have my own QMK firmware flashed on it, and I’m nothing but pleased with it.

Seasons change though, and in January 2021 I found myself backing the Glove80 Kickstarter. I’ve been curious about a curved (“manuform”) keyboard, and this one looked really slick.

Up to that point I’d put together keyboard kits with PCBs, and hadn’t yet 3d-printed any enclosures or plates. I kept seeing peoples' cool creations on reddit though, and eventually I started down that path myself.

Today I’m writing this on my first 3d-printed, handwired keyboard! It’s the “Dactyl Manuform Open”, available from source code here.

For my first attempt I didn’t want to change anything from the stock model, but I did frankenstein it with some parts from a similar build, here. I had noticed in my first print of the Dactyl Manuform that the legs wanted to adjust themselves a little too much.

I was stymied temporarily by my available tools at the time: I only had an FDM printer, which didn’t have the right resolution for some of the smaller parts. My partner recently got an LCD resin printer though, so I’ve completed the Dactyl Manuform build.

Handwiring was fun! A little frustrating. My only loose connections were in some crimps in rectangular cable connectors (my build eschewed the standard 3.5mm cable between the halves, because one fewer microcontroller is 50% easier to debug). I ended up cutting out the cable connector and replacing it with soldered wire connection: it’s not as if I’m going to use either of the halves by themselves.

I’ve come up with my own firmware for it (cribbed from qmk’s). It’s technically Via-compatible, but I don’t know yet how to set the vendor/product/keymap to make the tool show an accurate representation of the layout and key mappings. A work in progress, perhaps.

Last night, after typing on it for an afternoon, I started hacking around in the source code, to see if I could get one with the key layout I’ve grown accustomed to with the Ergodox. I was able to generate something that seems like it’ll fit my needs better, and then I took another look at one of the Dactyl Manuform’s ancestors: the Dactyl Keyboard.

With the exception of the inner row, this matches the key layout of the Ergodox. I like the 6-key thumb cluster. I’m not sure how comfortable the shape will be, but aesthetically I think it’s a great board. As I write this, my FDM printer is making a bottom shell, and my partner’s resin printer is making a top shell (in two parts).

As with my first attempt at Dactyl Manuform, I haven’t tweaked any of the source code. That may come later, if I really find the shape or lack of an inner column uncomfortable. Next up: wiring this half, playing with it, and iterating!

Lunchtop & Cyberdeck

23 Sep 2021

I’ve been collecting parts in earnest for two new projects. The basic idea is a portable, hackable, ruggedized workstation. The first iteration of this idea came to me from my partner, who is a Homestuck fan. That one is Lunchtop, and will be built into a red plastic lunchbox from the 70s. The other idea came from back7.co, and built into a Pelican case.

These projects interest me partly because I like thinking about the ubiquitous format (“laptop”) being turned on its head and reimagined. And it interests me partly because I get to build two new mechanical keyboards. This post will focus on the latter challenge.

Problem

The task is to design and fabricate two keyboards for these computers. The parameters:

• Lunchtop can fit 8u tall and 11u wide, based on the lunchbox dimensions
• Cyberdeck can fit 13u wide and 7u tall, based on the dimensions of the Pelican hardcase I’ve selected
• both must have switch plates that fasten to underlying case structure with screws
• both may have points on the underside of the switch plate for the pcb to fasten to
• both should only use a single ProMicro-style microcontroller
• both should allow for hotswapping the switches, so I can iterate on the switchplate design

I was glad to find a hotswap pcb in a good size for the Cyberdeck (5x12). So far I have not found a good hotswap option for 11u or 10u wide, so I have a few options:

1. I could cobble multiple non-hotswap PCBs together (Gherkin 3x10 and Yasui 4x10, for instance). This ditches the “single ProMicro” and “hotswap” design parameters.
2. I could cobble multiple non-hotswap PCBs together, and use mill-max inserts to make them hotswap. This also ditches “single ProMicro”.
3. I could cobble multiple non-hotswap PCBs together and cut a bunch of traces, soldering new wires on to re-grid them. This would allow for “single ProMicro” but it’s more damaging than I’d like.
4. I could follow this guide for a 3d-printable hotswap “PCB”. This would meet the design parameters but will take a little more time than options 2 or 3.

Solution

The tipping point came when I started reading this very detailed guide to hand- wiring one’s own keyboard. So I’m headed down the road of the printed hotswap “pcb”.

1. the hotswap guide requires npm and OpenSCAD. I started by making sure nvm was installed, and picked the latest version of npm. I installed OpenSCAD. I should maybe note that everything I do on the terminal is in WSL, and everything in a GUI application is in Windows. And any time I need to build and flash QMK firmware…I do it on a Mac.
2. I made a layout over at keyboard-layout-editor.com. I downloaded the layout JSON and ran it through the hotswap guide’s npm script. [note about exact file IO]
3. I opened the generated scad files in OpenSCAD. I’m much more familiar with FreeCAD lately, but I’ve had experience with many CAD programs, so a new one can’t be all that foreign, right?

[transmission cuts off here]

rebase

26 Aug 2021

I’d like to take a moment to rebase where I’m at with steno (and keyboards), and provide a little context. At the time of publishing this, the blog website has just gone live, and all prior articles from my steno journal have been imported and reformatted.

First things first: I have not done much practice with steno in 2021. I have done quite a bit of practice building mechanical (qwerty) keyboards though. I’ve also headed off into the weeds with some raspberry-Pi-based projects that I can’t talk about yet.

A brief inventory of my keyboards:

• I use an Ergodox EZ every day at work. I keep it in qwerty mode, but in the past I’ve tinkered with putting steno in its firmware.
• I have a Georgi that’s all souped up with symbol and media layers, as well as a dictionary of nav commands.
• I’ve experimented with split boards smaller than the Ergodox (Kailh Choco, pinky3, and Sofle). I really wanted something in a smaller profile, and with rotary encoders. I had a lot of fun building them but in the end the thumb positions actually started causing my first RSI! I also found that I have grown used to the huge number of keys available on the Ergodox.
• I’ve made some forays into the land of 40%, with Daisy, JD40 MkII, and TG4X. This experiment has stalled, as I’m currently waiting on a group buy for the MB-44.
• I’ve thought long and hard about a 4-row 50% keyboard, and then in my research found that others are currently making them so I don’t have to. As of this writing I eagerly await the group buy for the Fruitbar. I expect that once I have a more office-centric job I’ll take the Ergodox there, and at home I’ll use this longboi keyboard.

As far as my steno work goes…it’s been a while since I’ve touched it. I still would love to get back to it, moreso now even due to my new RSI.
Perhaps I’ll write a proper breakdown of how that machine works for me, and why I built the firmware and dictionaries the way I did.

tonight

23 Nov 2020

A few things I noticed in practice tonight

• tapping the OSL key doesn’t let me alt-tab with impunity, but holding it does.

• my custom nav layer doesn’t support select-all, cut, copy, paste, undo, or redo. I wonder again if I should record the number of times I use a feature in a day, and put those at the front and center.
  oh, also ctrl-backspace (or alt-bsp and cmd-bsp on mac).
  Even if I put my most common commands on the first nav layer, I still need either

  1. (hw, current status) a qwerty keyboard standing by.
     pro: I have it (it’s free)
     con: slow to switch from typing to commanding
     con: BIG desk clutter
     con: need the qwerty keyboard for typing while learning steno
  2. (hw) a macropad (e.g. Butterstick) standing by.
     pro: I have it (it’s free)
     con: slow to switch from typing to commanding
     con: smol desk clutter
     con: need the qwerty keyboard for typing while learning steno
  3. (fw) three or more layers on the georgi.
     pro: I have it (it’s free)
     pro: everything is at my fingertips (it’s quick to switch)
     pro: no clutter!
     con: patience and time to tweak and learn the layers
     con: need the qwerty keyboard for typing while learning steno
  4. (hw) A BIGGER georgi, with more keys to hand (see: Gergo. I think maybe Gergoplex isn’t enough columns).
     pro: it’s a kit I can build myself (another round of custom switches, this time maybe kailh silver?)
     pro: everything is at my fingertips (quick to switch)
     pro: no clutter!
     pro: less need to layer the commands (quicker than switching)
     pro: do not need a qwerty kicking around while I learn steno
     con: hard to program it to be steno sometimes and command sometimes?
     con: I’d need to build my own enclosure for it.
  5. (hw) white tiger option: get an ergodox already (~$350).
     pro: it’s a kit I can configure myself (it does hotswap)
     pro: everything is at my fingertips
     pro: no clutter!
     pro: less need to layer the commands
     pro: do not need a qwerty kicking around while I learn steno
     con: hard to program it to be steno sometimes and command sometimes?
     con: expensive
  6. (sw) learn and develop the Single Stroke commands dictionary in Plover.
     pro: I have it (it’s free)
     pro: VERY easy to reconfigure a broken brief on the fly
     con: need the qwerty keyboard for typing while learning steno
     con: patience and time to tweak and learn the briefs

Options 4 and 5 (Gergo and Ergodox) are similar enough that I can runoff them: With Gergo, I have to design and build the enclosure, and buy keycaps and switches. With Ergodox, I just have to spend ~$280 marginally (and maybe make or buy steno-friendly keycaps). With Gergo, I get to make it look however I want, with Ergodox, no such personalization.

GERGO           ERGODOX
+ personalized  - cost
- kit work      - not personalized

Actually, now that I think about it, the Gergo wouldn’t be a full size qwerty, so I’d be training (1) steno, (2) columnar qwerty, and (3) gergo commands and shortcuts for qwerty. Ergodox loses on customization, but “costs” less in terms of money-work, and wins on me not doing that (3) training.

I’d also point out that the “do not need the qwerty keyboard for typing while learning steno” is not worth nothing.

In the end it’s really down to an ideological choice: do I want to do this retraining of my brain and fingers through software, firmware, or hardware? And even if I do it through software, do I want the greater hardware anyway to speed things along, declutter the process, and/or be more ergonomic for me? (For the record I have yet to experience any RSI…)

I will sleep on it.